Many car owners do not have their first maintenance done at authorized dealerships, leading to gaps in early data. In such cases, we do not blindly trust the odometer; instead, we analyze the tire production dates and wear levels, as well as the depth of grooves on the brake disc edges, using the "gold standard" of physical wear to infer the intensity of early use.

The storage area at the roll-on/roll-off terminal is entirely outdoors, which is standard practice at ports worldwide. During the few days vehicles wait to be loaded, they will inevitably be exposed to sun and rain and accumulate dust. We will not provide custom car covers as this would significantly hinder the efficiency of dock workers moving vehicles.

4S dealership records are directly connected to the manufacturer's database, making the data hard to tamper with and the most reliable, with original parts guaranteed; third-party repair shops usually are not connected, making their data unverifiable. Therefore, we only consider the connected records from 4S dealerships as valid historical documentation.